Pros And Cons Of Electronic Patient Records Information Technology Essay

Pros And Cons Of Electronic Patient Records Information Technology Essay A1) In this case, the concept is mainly about storing or safeguarding the medical records of patients. A Patients when visits hospital to seek the doctor they are provided with paper-based medical prescription where in the medicines were written to cure allergies, diseases etc. Each time patient visits the doctor a new medical prescription is provided. Not only hospital managements maintain records of the visited patients but also maintain records in sheets. As there are millions of people in this world, it is difficult for the hospital management to maintain visitors record in their register. Also, it is difficult for patients to maintain their medical records. The medical records can be such as prescription, test reports, x-rays, etc. These medical records are very important by patients and doctors for future reference they need to maintain them and safeguard them. This has become a problem and required to be solved. One of the worlds best companies is Google it has come up with a very good and efficient solution to this problem. The solution given was Google Health, which means current medical record storage system. This Google Health system developed with different features helps users to maintain their medical records by entering their basic medical data. All the medical records of patients are maintained in the repository which is accessible to the doctors. The doctors go through these medical records and then post the relevant information and advice back to Google electronic. This information is also maintained in the repository for further use. All the informations are maintained in the Google electronic. This is because sometimes access to medical records is not possible due to power failure. The use of Google electronic is free-of-cost. This electronic system is provided with features like health profiles, medications, allergies, doctors visits, health advices by the doctors etc. Googles mission is to organise the worlds information and make it univer sally accessible and useful. 2. What are the problems with Americas current medical recordkeeping system? How would electronic medical records alleviate these problems? A2) The concept of maintaining medical records online is best use for patients and doctors. This system is developed for easy-to-use by patients and doctors, but there are some problems being faced by them. Patients can communicate with the doctors online by using this system. Only less percent, of Americans maintain their medical records online. In case of emergency, this problem leads to death. If the patient is unable to reach the doctors online they can switch to another doctor who is online. The source of this problem is absence of online medical records. When the power is off, the connection to the internet is lost and also access to the local data storage system is failed. In such case, access to medical records is also failed, by which the patients and doctors also loose their access. To overcome this problem, the Healthcare Industry has developed electronic medical record where all the records have been stored to use by the users. Medical records are easily accessible after converting to electronic. This electronic medical record alleviates these problems. It increases the likelihood of privacy invasions and makes the medical information accessible to the advertisers. By the use of internet, they can get complete information about electronic medical record system. The use of this electronic medical record system is easy and is quickly accessible by the patients and doctors in less time. It is possible to access medical records even when there is no power. 3. What management, organization, and technology factors are most critical to the creation and development of electronic medical records? A3) Management Factors: It is important to know how records are being handled by the servers. Also, privacy and security is also important. Google helps many of its users belonging to different categories to refer electronic records for their references handle their cases well. Google curtails the information collected and collides with many of the private legal advisors at the time of these conflicts. It launches many of the easy to use formats for the reference. The companies which manage these records must also be able to manage their employees with the sufficient paying. Organization Factors: Google and other companies who handle such types of records must organize the databases that stores records entered by different users permanently and also to retrieve them whenever necessary. These organizers must be able to update the records or changes are made by the clients in an efficient manner. They must make the users feel confident enough regarding the data entry. The users can trust this website without feeling tensed regarding their insurances and other kind of fear. As the data that is entered by the users is store in the repository. Technology Factors: The technologies that are being used by the companies must make the websites store and retrieve the data records to and from the database in an efficient manner. Technology wise are companies are brilliant must concentration on different kinds of transactions done by the user. Technology being the important task in making the choice, the developers must be best at their part and create the best of the all types regarding the medical records. They must also go through all the pros and cons. 4. What are the pros and cons of electronic patient records? Do you think the concerns over digitizing our medical records are valid? Why or why not? A4) Pros of Electronic Patient Records: Storing patients medical records in the world wide concerned database makes many of the reference to view these records and find solution to their problems. And many doctors of different areas around the globe can be aware of the new technologies being used by many of the senior specialists. As these records are stored electronically, it is easy to use them anywhere on any type of computer, but the only need is the internet connection. Cons of Electronic Patient Records: To any kind of data whether stored electronically or is paper based the main thing to concentrate is the privacy and security. These are lacking by the companies who are managing the records. And whenever, there is power cut there is no access to records. Then in such case, records cannot be updated or viewed. Due to lack of privacy measures many of the users feel insecure to store their records in these databases. And they also feel that these companies may use their private information as an advertisement purpose. As these, records are stored in the database which is globally related to all of the users some users have faced problems. The users who are registered with this site have faced many problems as their medical records are misused by many of the unauthorized users. Few more users feel that some of the sensitive information of their may affect their jobs and also their insurance policies. For any information to store, security is the most important factor as it safeguards the information. Digitizing Our Medical Records : Digitizing is defined as storing the medical records electronically, in electronic gadgets. Once the records are stored electronically they can be viewed anywhere from the world and it can be possible unless there is an internet connection. The digitized records are valid, only if the security of the records is at highest range and is being checked at times by the organizers. If the security and privacy measures are not up to the mark then there will be only few authorized users who cooperate with the company. 5. Should people entrust Google with their electronic medical records? Why or why not? A5) Google is one of the worlds largest companies. It is one of the best available search engines, which is widely being used by many users all over the world. Its mission is to organise the worlds information and make it universally accessible and useful. For many users, it may be difficult to agree with its mission, but some do agree with it. Some users may not feel good to give their personal information which they mean to be private, when it is asked by the Google but some feel free to give them. People should entrust Google with its electronic medical records. This is why because, with Google electronic the patients can get treatment from doctors located in different states and countries. The patients can reach the doctors and get the treatment done in their emergency and get their long lives. Google electronic has got features which make the users work easy. The users are provided with the facility, where they are required to enter their medical record information. This informa tion is safe as it is stored in the repository. The people should entrust this concept because, their information is secured by the best security services. No information is accessible to any unauthorised users. And also, this system is so best in its way, that the patients get the required advices from the doctors as and when they request. People should not entrust Google with their electronic medical records, if the medical record information entered by the users is being misused. In such case, people are more worried about their personal information as they are accessible via electronics health records, may lead in losing their health insurances and job opportunities. It is also fear for people that, if they switch to electronic health record could even be more vulnerable to security breaches and privacy violations. Some people think that unless an electronic system has sufficient privacy controls from outside, it is less likely to become universally used. If system security cont rols are used, it is important that the consumers must be aware of these controls and feel confident of using the system without fear of their information being accessed by the unauthorised user or parties. 6. If you were in charge of designing an electronic medical recordkeeping system, what are some features you would include? What are features you would avoid? A6) If I am given a chance for designing an electronic medical recording keeping system, the features that I would like to include are, easy to use by the patients and doctors, quick access to the medical records, reliable to use, fast access to the medical records, facility for the users to maintain their online health profiles and keep updating them, different medical treatment for different diseases and issues, online direct contact with the doctor, a query text where the users can clarify their quires and issues, providing the users with username and password for logging in to access the medical records, providing the users with facility to make their payments, providing them with list of total number of doctors and available number of doctors, the available timings of the doctors, a text space to request for the required doctor to consult, 24 hours access to the medical records, providing blogs where the doctors can write their advices, provide list of different types of disease s and allergies where the users can choose the type and get the required information about it, the most important feature that is necessary for keeping the medical records safe is the security. In the feature security, I would like to secure the information that is being passed between the healthcares providers, by avoiding access to the information by unauthorised users. I would like to avoid features like limited access to the medical records by the users, limited time to seek the doctors, unauthorised access to the medical records, avoid access failure to the medical records.

Black Education in New York City during the 1830s Essay examples -- Af

An 1831 editorial in The Liberator made the perceptive observation that â€Å"a line, almost impassable, [was] drawn between the two races.†One might say that the â€Å"problem of the color line† had actually been identified over seventy years before W. E. B. Du Bois diagnosed it in 1903.The same editorial continued, â€Å"by law, or by custom, in much . . . of the country, [blacks] are in a great measure deprived of the lessons of education.In most . . . states they cannot vote, or be chosen to office.If aliens, they cannot be naturalized. . . . [Blacks] cannot mingle in society with . . . whites.†[i]Blacks were treated as second-class citizens.However, by the early 1830s northern blacks were deciding, whether it was in Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, or New York City, to actively challenge the racism within American society institutionally and lay claim to all the privileges of American citizenship.Various factors made the 1830s the decade when blacks would or ganize around education in an attempt to redraw the parameters of American citizenship.Among these were: emancipation in New York State in 1827, the founding of African American newspapers, abolition, and a strong commitment to the ideals of the Declaration of Independence and the U. S. Constitution. The emergence of a more militant abolitionist movement early in the decade refocused the northern antislavery struggle on the desire for immediate abolition and enlarged the arena for blacks to participate in civil society.However, in addition to participating in white antislavery organizations, such as William Lloyd Garrison’s American Anti-Slavery Society, black leaders advanced their own case for abolition through independent educational efforts.They knew that the main argument against... ...ed people† could see only African colonization as the solution for racial animus and black elevation.And African Americans were largely denied the opportunity to pursue education beyond the primary level.Middle-class blacks that did attempt to integrate themselves into the larger society were rebuffed at almost every turn, as they were often not accepted into white benevolent organizations, schools, or literary societies. The black community in New York City did not simply accept the current state of affairs with resignation.They believed that they, too, were included in the covenants that were the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.As white political elites sold the widened electorate rhetoric of egalitarianism, black leaders took the claims of the equality of all humanity to heart and attempted to put the moral conscience of the nation to the test.

Micro and Macro Environment of Cadbury Dairy Milk

3/19/2013 Opening Case †¢ It was the early 1930s when a physician –turned textile trade in rural Karnataka found his business getting interrupted for want of regular supplies of cloth from the weavers. When he enquired with weavers about the reason for their irregularity, he was told that there was no working capital available to them. There were no banks in the area. The one located in the town was not interested in lending to small operators particularly in the rural area.Local money lenders used to change very high rates of interest; borrowing at those rates had ruined same in the past. The weavers therefore have developed a habit of working intermittently as and when their own money from sales come in. Introduction Marketing Module-1 Opening Case †¢ The trader therefore had to find a way to ensure uninterrupted supply of goods in his shop, without which his own business was not viable.He thought of bringing the good from Mumbai, but found that the process be very expensive and time consuming, a the area did not have any direct road /rail links with Mumbai. Besides, transporters were not all reliable. Introduction Marketing occupies an important position in the organization of business unit. Any business is likely to be successful when a strong marketing viewpoint or philosophy permeates the thinking and guides the decision and actions of everyone in the business.A business exists only to serve people, and marketing is the function that primarily determines – 1 3/19/2013 Introduction What the product or services shall be How it shall be presented, promoted and distributed How it shall be priced. What is Marketing? Classical Definitions ( Product Oriented View) â€Å" The performance of business activities that directs the flow of goods and services from producer to consumer or user† â€Å" Marketing consists of those efforts which affect transfers in the ownership of goods and services and provide for their physical distributi on†What is Marketing? Modern Definitions ( Customer Oriented View) â€Å" Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating, offering, and freely exchanging products and services of value with others† According to American Marketing associationâ€Å" Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals† What is Marketing Management? Marketing Management is the art and science of choosing target market and getting, keeping and growing customers through creating, delivering and communicating superior customer value† â€Å" Marketing Management is the marketing concept in action† 2 3/19/2013 What is Marketed? Goods Services Events & Experiences Persons Places & Properties Organizations Information Ideas A Brief History of Marketing 3 Areas P roduction Economies of scale. Simple products 1945 Birth of the mass consumer market 1950 Sales Development of sales forces to distinguish products in competitive markets. Sold what companies wanted to sell.Evolving distribution channels 1960 Increasing diversity of media & technologies Marketing Rapidly increasing competition†¦the fight for customers. A Brief History of Marketing 1960s A Brief History of Marketing Massive rise in customer expectations Increasing competition Massive growth in advertising Growth in ‘direct’ marketing Much easier for customers to switch business Proliferation of channels, dictated increasingly by customers †¦a growing need for 2-way dialogue between business & The 4 Ps Product (goods, services, knowledge) Price Promotion Place The dominant marketing template for the last 40 years But†¦ notice something curious†¦.Where is the customer mentioned? customers 3 3/19/2013 Development of Marketing Approaches Evolution Of Mark eting Transactional Relationship Production Concept Product Concept Selling Concept Marketing Concept Holistic Marketing one-off investment in products market segmentation short-term profit relationship-building investment in customers customer analysis long-term profit Late 1800 Early 1900 Early 1930 Mid 1950 1990 Production Concept Consumers prefer products that are widely available and inexpensive Managers of production – oriented businesses Concentrate on achieving high production efficiency, Low costs, and mass distribution.The production era can be divided into four phases ? Subsistence phase ? Made to order phase ? Early production for market phase ? Mass production for market phase Product Concept Consumers favor products that offer the most quality, performance, or innovative features. Managers in product oriented organizations focus their energy on making superior products and improving them over time. To improve quality and innovation companies gave importance to p roduct engineering. Some times the product concept leads to marketing myopia. Marketing myopia means – focus on the product rather than customers need 4 3/19/2013Selling Concept The selling concept holds that consumers and businesses, if left alone, will ordinarily not buy enough of the organizational products. Consumers will buy products only if the company aggressively promotes/sells these products. The selling concept is practiced most aggressively with unsought goods that buyers normally do not think of buying such as insurance, encyclopedias etc. Firms practice the selling concept when they have over capacity. It gives more importance to seller needs Selling Concept Starting point Factory Focus Existing products Means Selling and promotion Ends Profits through sales volumeThe selling concept Marketing Concept Focuses on needs/ wants of target markets & delivering value better than competitors. The Marketing concept holds that the key to achieving its organizational goals consists of the company being more effective than competitors in creating delivering and communicating superior customer value to its chosen target markets. The Marketing concept rests on four pillars ? Target Market ? Customer needs ? Integrated marketing ? Profitability Marketing Concept Starting point Market Focus Customer Needs Means Integrated Marketing Ends Profits through Customer satisfactionThe Marketing concept 5 3/19/2013 Selling V/S Marketing Concept Starting point Factory Selling V/S Marketing Concept Ends Profits through sales volume Focus Existing products Means Selling and promotion Focuses on the needs of seller Profit through sales volume Planning is short term oriented Marketer first makes the product and then figures out how to sell it. Importance selling to aggressive Focuses on the needs of buyer Profit through customer satisfaction Planning is long term oriented Marketer first determines the needs and wants of the customers and then delivers the product to sa tisfy those needs and wants.Importance integrated marketing (a) The selling concept Market Customer needs Integrated marketing Profits through customer satisfaction (b) The marketing concept Societal Marketing Concept ? The Societal Marketing concept holds that organization’s task is to determine the needs , wants and interests of target markets and to deliver the desired satisfaction more effectively and efficiently than competitors in way that preserve the customers and society’s well being. ? It calls upon marketers to build social and ethical considerations into their marketing practices. There should be balance between company profits, customer satisfaction, and public interest. Societal Marketing Concept Society (Human Welfare) Societal Marketing Concept Consumers Company (Want Satisfaction) (Profits) 6 3/19/2013 Holistic Marketing Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts Needs, wants, and demands Marketing offers: including products, services and experiences â⠂¬ ¢ Value and satisfaction †¢ Exchange, transactions and relationships †¢ Markets †¢ †¢ †¢ Need ? State of felt deprivation ? Example: Need food †¢ Wants ? The form of needs as shaped by culture and the individual †¢ Demands ? Wants which are backed by buying powerCore concepts of Marketing Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts Needs, wants, and demands Marketing offers: including products, services and experiences †¢ Value and satisfaction †¢ Exchange, transactions and relationships †¢ Markets †¢ †¢ †¢ Marketing offer ? Combination of products, services, information or experiences that satisfy a need or want ? Offer may include services, activities, people, places, information or ideas Core Concepts Needs, wants, and demands Marketing offers: including products, services and experiences †¢ Value and satisfaction †¢ Exchange, transactions and relationships †¢ Markets †¢ †¢ †¢ Value Cus tomers form expectations regarding value ? Marketers must deliver value to consumers †¢ Satisfaction ? A satisfied customer will buy again and tell others about their good experience 7 3/19/2013 Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts Needs, wants, and demands Marketing offers: including products, services and experiences †¢ Value and satisfaction †¢ Exchange, transactions and relationships †¢ Markets †¢ †¢ †¢ Exchange ? The act of obtaining a desired object from someone by offering something in return ? One exchange is not the goal, relationships with several exchanges are the goal ?Relationships are built through delivering value and satisfaction Core Concepts Needs, wants, and demands Marketing offers: including products, services and experiences †¢ Value and satisfaction †¢ Exchange, transactions and relationships †¢ Markets †¢ †¢ †¢ Market ? Set of actual and potential buyers of a produ ct ? Marketers seek buyers that are profitable Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts Target Market Marketing place, Marketing Space and Meta Market †¢ Segmentation †¢ Marketers Prospects †¢ Relationship Marketing and Networks †¢ †¢ Distinctive category of market which includes market for company’s products and services Core Concepts Target Market Market Place, Market Space and Meta Market †¢ Segmentation †¢ Marketers Prospects †¢ Relationship Marketing and Networks †¢ †¢ †¢ Market place ? Market place is physical. As one goes shopping in a store Market Space ? Market space is digital. As one goes shopping on internet †¢ †¢ Meta Market ? Meta market is a cluster of complementary product and services that are closely related in the minds of consumers but are spread across a a diverse set of industries. 8 3/19/2013Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts Need s, wants, and demands Market place, Market space and Meta market †¢ Segmentation †¢ Marketers Prospects †¢ Relationship Marketing and Networks †¢ †¢ †¢ Segmentation ? Grouping of consumers according to such characteristics as income, age, degree of urbanization, race, or education Core Concepts †¢ Target Market †¢ Market Place, market †¢ Marketer ?Marketer is seeking response. someone Space and Meta Market †¢ Prospect ?Prospect is someone giving response. †¢ Segmentation †¢ Marketers and Prospects †¢ Relationship marketing nd Network Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts Target Market Market Place, market Space and Meta Market †¢ Segmentation †¢ Marketers and Prospects †¢ Relationship Marketing and Network †¢ †¢ †¢ Relationship Marketing ? Building mutually satisfying long-term relations with key partiescustomers, supplies, distributors in order to earn and re tain their business Core Concepts †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Marketing Network ? Marketing network consists of the company and its supporting stakeholders with whom it has built mutually profitable business relationshipMarketing Channels Supply Chain Marketing Mix Competition †¢ Sets of Inter dependent organizations involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption 9 3/19/2013 Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Supply Chain ?Longer channel stretching from raw materials to components to final products that are carried to final buyers Core Concepts †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Marketing Mix ? MM is the set of marketing tools, the firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market. Product Pric e Place (Distribution) PromotionMarketing Channel Supply Chain Marketing Mix Competition Marketing Channels Supply Chain Marketing Mix Compet ition Core Concepts of Marketing Marketing Environment Core Concepts †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Marketing Channels Supply Chain Marketing Mix Competition †¢ Competition ?Rivalry to attract customers discretionary income †¢ It includes ?Generic Competition ? Brand Competition ? Form Competition ? Industry Competition †¢ The actors and forces that affect a firm’s ability to build and maintain successful relationships with customers. †¢ It consists of ? Internal Marketing Environment ? External Marketing Environment 10 /19/2013 Internal Marketing Environment †¢ ? ? ? ? ? ? These are controllable factors Value System Vision, mission, and Objectives Organizational structure Marketing Staff Company Reputation Financial Factors External Marketing Environment ? Microenvironment: †¢ Actors close to the company Micro Level Influences that affect a particular firm ? Macro environment †¢ Larger societal forces Macro Level Influences that affect all firms The Microenvironment Forces in the Microenvironment company’s immediate environment and that affect the company’s ability to produce goods and services and serve consumers. 1 3/19/2013 Suppliers †¢ †¢ †¢ Suppliers are those who supply the raw material and components to the company. Reliable sources of supply are necessary for smooth functioning of business. It is very risk to depend on a single supplier because a strike, lockout or any other production problem with supplies may seriously affect the company. ? Treat suppliers as partners. Customers †¢ †¢ †¢ A business exits only because of its customers. A company may have different categories of customer like individuals, households. Industries and other institutions.Depending on a single customer is risky because it may place company in poor bargaining position. †¢ Suppliers help to create and deliver customer value. Customers †¢ Customer markets must be studied. †¢ Market types ? Consumer ? Business ? Government ? Reseller ? International Competitors †¢ In general competitors are those who sell the goods and services of the same and similar products in the same market. †¢ A firms competitors include not only the other firms which are marketing same products but also those who compete for the discretionary income of the consumer. Successful companies provide better customer value than the competition ? Size and industry position help to determine the competitive strategy. 12 3/19/2013 Marketing Intermediaries †¢ Every producer has to appoint a number of intermediaries in assisting him in promoting, selling and distributing the goods and services to ultimate customers. †¢ Marketing intermediaries help the firm in overcoming the discrepancies in quality , place, assortment. ?Intermediaries take many forms. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Resellers Physical distribution firms Marketing services agencies Financial intermediaries Publics A public is any group that has actual or potential interest in or impact on company’s ability to achieve its objectives. †¢ It is the duty of the company to satisfy the people at large, which is necessary for future stay and growth. †¢ In order to build goodwill and seek favorable response from the public, it is necessary for the firm to satisfy the needs of the public as well. Macro Environment †¢ These factors are external to the firm and are quite uncontrollable Demographic Environment †¢ Study of the population in terms of age, sex, size of the population, family size, and occupation is known as demography. Rapidly increasing population indicates a growing demand for many products. †¢ Increasing population also indicates that availability of surplus labour which affects the wage rates. 13 3/19/2013 Demographic Environment †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Population growth Population age mix Ethnic markets Educational groups Household patterns Geographical shifts Economic Forces †¢ Affects consumer purchasing power and spending patterns. †¢ Income Distribution †¢ Savings, Debt, and Credit †¢ factors relating to the economic conditions, systems, economic policies of a country and includes structure f economy, agriculture, industrial sectors, transportation etc Natural Environment †¢ Concern for the natural environment has grown steadily, increasing the importance of these trends: ? Shortage of raw materials ? Increased pollution ? Increased governmental Technological Environment ?The technological environment is characterized by rapid change. ?New technologies create new opportunities and markets but make old technologies obsolete. ?The U. S. leads the world in research and development spending. ? Pace of change ? Opportunities for innovation ? Varying R&D budgets ? Increased regulation of change ntervention ? Shortage of raw materials ? Increased energy costs ? Anti-pollution p ressures ? Governmental protections 14 3/19/2013 The Political Environment †¢ Includes laws, governmental agencies, and pressure groups that impact organizations and individuals. †¢ Increased legislation to protect businesses as well as consumers. †¢ Changes in governmental agency enforcement. †¢ Increased emphasis on ethical behavior and social responsibility. The Cultural Environment †¢ Is composed of institutions and other forces that affect a society’s basic values, perceptions, preferences, and behaviors. The cultural factors like buying and consumption habit of the people, customs and traditions, tastes and preferences, languages etc. are the factors that affect the Marketing strategy. SWOT Analysis Marketing Challenges in the globalised Economy †¢ Grey marketing †¢ Terrorism †¢ Skills and Competence gaps in knowledge about Customer Preferences †¢ Cultural differences 15 3/19/2013 Marketing Challenges in the globalised Econom y †¢ Nationalism †¢ Stability of Governments and Economic legislations. †¢ Corruption †¢ Property rights and Piracy †¢ Price Sensitivity Closing Copy Travel solution Ltd is a cutting edge IT Company in India. Its domain expertise is in finding software solutions for the Travel Industry. Its Client list included Thomas Cook, American airlines, Swissair besides several others. However the big 3 clients accounted for over 60% of the total business. The sales turnover of the company in the last financial year was Rs. 18 crore, of which over 90% was export earnings. Closing Copy †¢ The team strength of Travel solution Ltd had been augmented last year and the total number of employees touched to 120. Of this, over 20 were senior executives, with stock options.The hardcore design and systems work was executed by a team of 48 very highly paid executives, who formed the core team. This team was normally on deputation at client sites all year around. Closing Copy †¢ In the last 3 months, over 40 executives had been taken in, primarily in marketing, administration and HR. The average age of the company employee was 27 while the average salary was Rs. 4. 5 lakhs PA †¢ On September 21st, 2001, a board meeting of Travel solution Ltd was held in Bangalore at the headquarters to discuss and plan the strategy of the company for the next half year. 16 3/19/2013 17

The Lesson By Toni Cade Bambara - 1181 Words

In, The lesson by Toni Cade Bambara, Miss Moore, an African American women that lives in Harlem, takes a group of African American children who lives in her neighbourhood to a toy store called F.AO. Schwarz in Manhattan. Though Miss Moore teach the children many lessons, such as residential racial segregation, socio-economic inequality, and the children are apathetic of the severity of the effects of discrimination against African Americans as it is something that they do not notice due to their lack of experience, Miss Moore will further expose and make the children more aware of what African Americans are facing. Taking the children to F.A.O Schwarz teaches them a lesson regarding residential by racial segregation between the African Americans and Caucasians as African Americans lived in poorer neighbourhoods such as Harlem, which is where the children and Miss Moore live and Caucasians live in more wealthier places such as Manhattan where F.A.O Schwarz is located. The quote â€Å"the strong prejudice among the white people against having coloured people living on white residence streets, coloured children attending schools with white children, or entering into other semi- social relations with them, confines the opportunities for residence open to coloured people of all positions in life to relatively small and well-defined areas† (Thabit,39) shows the different prejudices the whites had against African Americans which confined them into living in areas different fromShow MoreRelatedThe Lesson By Toni Cade Bambara992 Words   |  4 PagesThe Lesson: Summary/Response In the story The Lesson, author Toni Cade Bambara shows us a view of life from a black girl who lives in a poverty-stricken community just outside of New York City. In the story, there is a teacher whom takes the responsibility of teaching Sylvia and her friend group important lessons not only for a better education but to better understand life in its entirety. 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That is when the Oppressed intellectuals feel that it’s time to standup to defend the identity of their people and make them strong enough to make a name of their own. This is what happened during the early 20th century within the African AmericanRead MoreThe Lesson By Toni Cade Bambara968 Words   |  4 PagesThere is a lesson in every situation no matter if you choose to accept it or not. A lesson can sometime guide you in the right path that is needed in your life or maybe it can just be for a certain situation. In the short story â€Å"The Lesson† by Toni Cade Bambara, she relates teaching a life changing lesson to the character Sylvia. Sylvia is a very strong willed young lady who is challenged with poverty in her neighborhood. 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The Failure Of Risk Management - 759 Words

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Electrical Design Of Electrical Engineering - 917 Words

Hector Hernandez Professor D. Galvan English 1301 09 December 2016 Electrical Engineering We as a whole need to pick a career that will make us cheerful, yet how might we know what that is destined to be? It is not hard to discover somebody who began feeling that they would love their picked calling, just to end up abhorring it. As someone who is an electrical engineer, they have to answer the tough electrical questions and may chip away at anything from handheld contraptions to gigantic electrical matrices. Although people should consider that this field has its issues like any other field would. The biggest concern would be the shortage of electricity since electricity is always constantly being used. An electrical designer is outlines and grows new electrical hardware, takes care of issues and tests gear. They work with a wide range of electronic gadgets, from the smallest pocket gadgets to large supercomputers. 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The Hindu Doctrine of Karma-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Describe the Hindu doctrine of karma and discuss whether or not you think it offers a reasonable or logical explanation and/or justification for human suffering. Answer The Hindu doctrine of karma The concept of karma is the fundamental aspect of the Hindu religion. There are versatile Hindu religions and all of them believe in the doctrine of karma. The principle of karma is deep rooted in the Indian psyche since the Vedic times. The karma is well described in Sanskrit texts of Samhitas, Brahmanas, Upanisads and the philosophical schools (Hick, 1994 p-38).The Puranas and the epics have concept of karma in the centre. According to Hindu mythology, Karma is the sum total of the bad and the good work of the people. It represents the collective action of the man. It is these actions that will have result in the future and even afterlife. The word karma has originated from the cognate words- Kartha (Doer), Karthavya ( Duty), Karana (Cause), Karana (instrumental) and so on (Hick, 1988 p- 2)Karma depicts the explanation for as you sow, so shall you reap. It explains the wealthy conditions of the rich people may be due to the good sowing of the persons in the past life. Whereas the p oor people are paying back the wrong deeds (Kaufman 2005 p-15). It also believes of the wrong deeds of the persons in past due to which they are suffering. There efficiency of doctrine of karma is the solution of the problems both in India as well as in the west. However, this is referred to as the consistent theodicy to answer to the existence of suffering and the presence of evil. The reincarnation and the gods punishment in karma is the inequalities of human birth (Chadha and Trakakis 2007 p-533). The reason of human suffering The karma concept on the human suffering also brings in the existence of god. The word theodicy says the justifying ways of god. The suffering and evil are due to the torture and oppression of the human body and the human spirit. The western theology has given a different explanation for the suffering of the people or the existence of evil (Kaufman 2007 p-558). The doctrine of karma and rebirth is represented in strikingly different ways in the Western, Judeo Christian Islamic and the Indian religious traditions. Indian believes strongly in the idea of multiple human reincarnations. It is frequently claimed as the best explanation on the account of evil and suffering. It is termed as the best metaphysical achievement that can explain the emotions and the intellectual domains related to the human suffering. Apart from the enthusiastic endorsements, the doctrine of karma in its theodicy has received a less importance than the western ideas. The western ideas focus on original sin. Then again thousands of bibliographic writings are made with the ideas supporting the concept of karma in the context of suffering of people. They believe that the karma and rebirth theory can solve the problems of evil (Kessle., 2002 p-10) The assumption is that the present condition of mankind is regulated with the condition of the past life. Karma rejects the concepts of randomness, injustice or the inequalities. It does not see the present concepts of cause and effects. The doctrine rules the reincarnation with character based, memory based. All of these are the bearing of past (Perrett 1985 p-6). In the Bhagavad Gita , it already explains the fact of this karma- It says just the person casts off worn out garments and puts a new one, the embodied souls cast off a body and is transmitted to other bodies. According to karma death is not evil. But then question arises why some people have painful and suffering deaths? The idea of karma is often debated in the classical Indian literature and in the modern Indian writings. The modern popular writings are raising an argument behind the concept of karma (Peterson et al, 2012 ch-8)The western religions believe that the souls are not eternal and it is destroyed. A new soul comes into existence with a birth. In this argument the karma concept became more attractive. Hinduism explains karma in describing evil. It is believed that both evil and good are considered to be real and is due to the human free will. The suffering is the self made cause or karma (Thrane 2010 p-340). Karma also says that the suffering due to disease is linked with the personal behaviours like the anger, greed, delusion. It is said that suffering could occur due to the moral evils or by any natural evils. However, the modern philosophy, science brings in new logical explanation behind the reason of man suffering or evil (Livingston 2001 ch-10). Logical explanation behind suffering and existence of evil The fundamental question that arises among the philosophers, psychologists and the theologians, who are perplexed and wants to find out the logical reason behind such sufferings and evil. The worlds religions have proposed various explanations behind the existence of evil, death and suffering. But the modern people are still struggling to find out the root cause of all of these. The question arises, that really that existence of god is permitting suffering and evil among some people based on their karma of their previous life. Witnessing reality of human conditions like children being stuck and suffering with cancer or people killed by tsunami, or Siberian people suffering, questions arises. Emotionally and logically the doctrine of karma fits well in explanation of the cause of such sufferings but that can never be the real logical reason. The development of science has already put a question in the existence of the concepts. Physicists and biologists could give some definitive conc lusions like the death and suffering are inevitable. Every carbon atoms that makes a human body has originated several billion ago in the stars. The violent explosion with supernova created the heavier elements and the building blocks. The evolution has worked with the freedom in mutation, randomness and natural selection. Thus in the freedom there could be errors in mutation that causes cancer and other diseases. It is said that nature was created from the destruction. This gives the reason for the existence of natural catastrophes. The paradox of existence is governed with the destruction, death that will subject to the birth of new. The suffering, sadness and depression are due to reasons of the matter of cognitive state or neurological adaptive responses of mind and not anything related to the gods will or karma. The cognitive state of mind explains that it is we who choose to be happy or sad in any depressive condition. The inequality in mankind in suffering is also not a fact of karma but solely due to the genetic differences that we have inherited from our parents. Since our genetic make-up is different, some people are subjected to a disease while the other is resistant to it. This is explained by the scientists as the genetic variation. Genetic variation is also a normal event in nature which is required for the natural selection and evolution. The suffering due to the terrorist attacks, murder and crime is again depended not on the evil but the evil state of cognitive problems that exists in some people. Thus logical explanation over-rules the fact as god being the chess player, playing with our lives. Th e existence of the evil within and around us is a fragment of balance with the good. The reality of evil is built as the requirement of the life to be. In this explanation, the new question that arises is with the existence of god. The atheists argue in different issues of the existence of god and the concept of reincarnation. The traditional concept of god is omniscient, omnipotent and benevolent. The question arises that if god exists then why is god not preventing the suffering of the people? There have been many responses regarding the problem of evil. There still has been no right logical reason behind it. The first logical response to the problem of evil is due to free will defence. Much of the evil in the world exists as we chose to create it. There still has been no correct logical reason behind the existence of good and evil. Arguments arise when any particular reasoning statement comes up with the logical explanation for the existence of evil and death. With the doctrine of karma that has ruled the people and the researchers minds with the explanation for the suffering from the omnipotent being, god. The karma explains the deeds of our past life are the result of our suffering. Hindus think of our rebirth and multiple recreations. However, modern science is quite agreeing with the terms though indirectly. The science gives the logical explanation states that suffering is mainly based on our deeds that how e choose to live or act upon any situation. The suffering that is occurring to others is also solely due to the negative and evil thoughts of other people. The suffering due to disease by some is also due to the biological reason. The natural disasters are also a part of a normal process in creation of new. References Bilimoria, P., 2007. Karma, Duhkha and the problem of suffering.Indian ethics: classical traditions and contemporary challenges, pp.191-210. Chadha, M. and Trakakis, N., 2007. Karma and the problem of evil: a response to Kaufman.Philosophy East and West,57(4), pp.533-556. Clooney, F.X., 1989. Evil, Divine Omnipotence, and Human Freedom: Ved?nta's Theology of Karma.The Journal of religion,69(4), pp.530-548. Hick, J., 1988.God and the Universe of Faiths: Essays in the Philosophy of Religion. Springer.p-2 Hick, J., 1994.Death and eternal life. Westminster John Knox Press.p-38 Kaufman, W.R., 2005. Karma, rebirth, and the problem of evil.Philosophy East and West,55(1), pp.15-32. Kaufman, W.R., 2007. Karma, Rebirth, and the Problem of Evil: A Reply to Critics.Philosophy East and West,57(4), pp.556-560. Kessler, G.E., 2002.Studying religion: An introduction through cases. McGraw-Hill Humanities.p-10 Livingston, J.C., 2001.Anatomy of the Sacred: An introduction to Religion. Prentice Hall.ch-10 Perrett, R., 1985. Karma and the Problem of Suffering.Sophia,24(1), pp.4-10. Peterson, M., Hasker, W., Reichenbach, B. and Basinger, D., 2012. Reason religious belief: an introduction to the philosophy of religion. Ch-8 Thrane, S., 2010. Hindu end of life: Death, dying, suffering, and karma.Journal of Hospice Palliative Nursing,12(6), pp.337-342.